Tilapia aquaculture, emerging diseases, and the roles of the skin microbiomes in health and disease

Abstract Aquaculture is playing an increasingly important role in global food security, especially for low-income and food-deficit countries. The majority of aquaculture production occurs freshwater earthen ponds tilapia has quickly become one the most widely adopted culture species these systems. Tilapia are now farmed over 140 countries facilitated by their ease production, adaptability to a wide range environmental conditions, fast growth, high nutritional value. Typically, have been considered hardy, disease resilient species; however, increasing with subsequent threats industry as intensified. In this review, we discuss focus on Bangladesh top producing countries, highlight problems associated treatment approaches them, including misuse antimicrobials. We address key missing component understanding health processes sustainable aquaculture, specifically played microbiome. Here examine importance microbiome supporting health, focused symbiotic microbial community fish skin mucosal surface, abiotic biotic factors that influence microbiome, shifts diseased states. also identify conserved taxa microbiomes may be used indicators status offering new opportunities mitigate manage optimize growing conditions farming practices.